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| Invasive Ventilation |
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| Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) |
| Positive pressure ventilators inflate the lungs by exerting positive pressure on the airway, thus forcing the alveoli to expand during inspiration. Expiration occurs passively. For continuous use, endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy is necessary. |
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| ¡@ | IPPV Effects |
| ¡@ | Intubation |
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 fear
and anxiety
exposure to infection (secondary to cross-contamination) |
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| ¡@ | Cerebral effect |
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a
person with compensated respiratory acidosis may be adversely affected
by positive pressure breathing owning to "blowing-off" CO2.
Acute alkalosis may occur, producing faintness, dizziness, convulsions,
cardiac arrhythmias and cerebral edema may occur. Cerebral edema may
contribute to ICU psychosis. |
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| ¡@ | Cardiac effect |
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positive pressure applied to the airway has the opposite effect. As
positive pressure inflates the lungs, pressure in the thorax builds,
decreasing the flow of blood in the vena cava, and retarding blood flow
to the heart's right atrium. It resulted in decreased cardiac output.
positive pressure also briefly affects the left side of the heart by
increasing left-heart filling and output. |
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| ¡@ | Pulmonary effect |
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positive pressure can be resulted in hyperventilation which
lowers CO2 levels, exacerbation of hemoptysis, ruptured
alveoli and pneumothrax |
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| ¡@ | G.I. effect |
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positive pressure caused diaphragm descends into the abdomen during the
inspiratory phase, blood flow to the splanchnic are decreases. Portal
vein pressure increases owing to increased intra-abdominal pressure. O2
to mesenteric bed and liver decreases. may
casuse nausea and vomiting if administered too soon after meals |
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